The influence of personal navigation devices on drivers\u27 visual attention on the road ahead and driving performance

Nowadays, personal navigation devices (PNDs) that provide GPS-based directions are widespread in vehicles. These devices typically display the real-time location of the vehicle on a map and play spoken prompts when drivers need to turn. While such devices are less distracting than paper directions, their graphical display may distract users from their primary task of driving. This thesis investigates the influence of two PNDs on driving performance and visual attention. In the experiments conducted with a high fidelity driving simulator, we found that drivers using a navigation system with a graphical display indeed spent less time looking at the road compared to those using a navigation system with spoken directions only. Furthermore, glancing at the display was correlated with higher variance in driving performance measures. We discuss the implications of these findings on PND design for vehicles

"Fun place within a serious space”: stimulating community interaction and engagement through situated snapshots In a university setting

Networked public displays can stimulate interaction between members of place-based communities, e.g., through situated snapshots – photos taken through a display attached camera. Previous work pointed the need for deploying networked public display applications in various settings in order to make the findings transferable and generalizable and recommends that findings should be connected with research from community psychology. In this paper we report a 15-week “in the wild” deployment of the Moment Machine 2.0 that allowed taking situated snapshots at a university. The application’s evaluation involved in-depth interviews (n=20), survey (n=119), and log file analysis. We synthesize our findings with prior work and show how certain effects transfer across settings. We show how the application affected community interaction and sense of community as defined by McMillan and Chavis. We provide implications for design of similar experiences. Overall, our work contributes to the general knowledge of common effects produced by public displays

Developing a networked public display system

Engaging stakeholders in the design of networked public display systems is critical for long-term deployments. The authors describe the three-year development and installation of a display network at a university, revealing the fuzziness of stakeholder roles and need for compromise

Collective Digital Storytelling in Community-based co-design projects. An Emergent Approach

Digital storytelling (DST) can play a critical role in co-design initiatives involving local communities, as a method for bridging exploratory phases and co-design processes. The paper draws on three case studies of collective DST in underserved locations. While DST enabled groups to present themselves and their communities, its evolution showed that activities crystallized into creative concepts and community-driven projects that generated new ideas, new collaboration pathways and new networking capabilities. The structured analysis of these case studies can be used by researchers looking to spur grassroots initiative and encourage local participation and engagement in community-based design.La narration numérique peut jouer un rôle essentiel dans les initiatives de co-design avec des communautés locales, en tant que méthode pour passer de la phase exploratoire de la recherche au processus de co-design. L’article se fonde sur trois études de cas de narration numériques collectives dans des communautés défavorisées. La narration numérique a donnée aux groups la possibilité de se présenter tandis que son processus génératif a cristallisé dans des concepts créatifs et des projets communautaires porteurs de nouvelles idées, voies de collaboration et capacités de réseautage. L'analyse structurée de ces études peut être utilisée par les chercheurs intéressés à stimuler l'initiative locale et à encourager la participation et l'engagement communautaires

Collective digital storytelling in community- based co-design projects: An emergent approach

This paper contributes a critical examination of the role that digital storytelling (DST) can play in co-design initiatives involving local underserved communities. We argue that DST brings value as a method for bridging initial, exploratory phases and co-design processes. The paper draws on three case studies of collective DST in two townships of Cape Town, South Africa. The research adopted a participatory ethnographic approach to involve groups socially active in their respective communities. DST was employed initially as a means to enable groups to present themselves and their communities and to deepen the ongoing process of data generation. During the creative processes, the activities evolved and crystallized into something more than a short video production: self-contained and community-driven projects, generation of new ideas and the development of new collaboration pathways and new digital networking capabilities. Through the analysis of these case studies the article advances considerations that can be used by researchers and practitioners looking to spur grassroots initiatives and encourage local participation and engagement in community-based co-design. In particular, we offer a series of design principles, proposed as sensitising concepts that can inspire and guide researchers and designers, or local communities, to engage in DST activities within community co-design projects

Attention, An Interactive Display Is Running! Integrating Interactive Public Display Within Urban Dis(At)tractors

Display or interaction blindness is a known problem for interactive public displays where passers-by simply ignore or pay little attention to them. While previous research created interventions that tried to address this problem or reported on differences between experiences in the lab and in the real world, little attention has been given to examining different attractors surrounding the interactive public display, i.e., people, artifacts, and stimuli that compete for people’s attention in the urban settings and distract them from interacting with public displays. This paper reports on a systematic examination of attractors around a case study of an interactive urban display in London. We outline the initial spatial exploration with the aim to identify suitable locations for the placement of the interactive public display within the urban setting, followed by a two-hour observation of attractors and stimuli around the urban display. We highlight the main attractors that compete for people’s attention and distract them from potentially interacting with the public display. We also note our attempt to reflect the environment and integrate the public display within its setting

An “in the wild” longitudinal cross-site study of networked public displays user communities through situated snapshots

Networked public displays are a new medium, and as such they can improve the quality and experience of urban spaces by providing new means to engage members of place-based communities. As they are located in different public spaces understanding commonalities and differences between their user communities helps in building a solid foundation for knowledge on how networked public displays operate. In this paper we describe findings from a 12 weeks deployment of the Moment Machine application that allows posting and viewing situated snapshots across 4 displays placed in urban settings of the Screens in the Wild Network. We describe similarities/differences between the four user communities in terms of the photos taken, returning users behavior, interaction session properties etc. Overall, our findings contribute to the buildup of knowledge on general engagement patterns of networked public displays’ user communities. We also suggest that situated snapshots and their analysis as described in this paper can be used as a research tool and methodology for capturing and uncovering the part of a place-based community interested in interacting with public displays

Pictures “In The Wild”: Uncovering Privacy Concerns for Situated Snapshots

Networked public displays offer new ways of communication between members of place-based communities. For example, they allow for taking situated snapshots, i.e., photos taken through a display-attached camera, and viewing them on a display network or (potentially) somewhere on the web. This paper discusses some of the preliminary privacy considerations arising from the use of such media: communicating where the publicly taken situated snapshots are stored, where they appear, that no surveliance is taking place, content control for situated snapshots, where (in what place) and how interactions happening on the web will appear on a display network. The paper shows privacy perception towards situated snapshots and also informs the design of similar future networked public display systems. Author Keywords Situated snapshots; urban screens; privacy

Construction on Display: Exploring Types and Purpose of Public Displays on Construction Sites

Construction sites are a common part of a city landscape, e.g., website Urban Toronto reports on 650+ registered works for the city of Toronto, while New London Architecture reports on 195 in London. Up until now there has been little research looking into how public displays are used at these settings. This paper reports on an exploratory study that looked into understanding the use of public displays on construction sites. By analyzing types of displays and their purpose on 38 construction sites located on 2 continents and 4 cities, I have uncovered 10 different types of displays that serve to fulfill 9 identified objectives. Based on this I provide 5 general design implications for pervasive public displays. Overall, the contribution of this paper lies in describing the use of public displays in a new context and providing design implications for them